Wednesday, 6 December 2017

NEWLY RESEARCH IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DECEMBER 2017

1. 

Experimental Study on Structural Performance of RC Exterior Beam-Column Joints Retrofitted by Steel Jacketing and Haunch Element under Cyclic Loading Simulating Earthquake Excitation

Cong-Thuat Dang and Ngoc-Hieu Dinh
The University of Danang: University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, Vietnam

Several retrofitting methods for reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints in old buildings without seismic details were developed. Four half-scale RC exterior beam-column joints were fabricated and tested under cyclic loading simulating earthquake excitation. The control specimen was designed to fail in joint shear. Two practical retrofitting strategies were applied to the control specimen which consider the architectural characteristic in real buildings, including steel jacketing and haunch retrofit solution. The structural performance of the test specimens was investigated in terms of various factors including damage and failure, load-drift relationship, ductility, dissipated energy, and strain profiles of longitudinal reinforcement. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed retrofit methods were shown to enhance the seismic capacity of the joints in terms of the strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity while the shear deformation in the panel zone significantly reduced in comparison with the control specimen.
Existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in many developing countries had been traditionally designed to resist mainly gravity loads and wind loads without properly considering the seismic effects that pose a significant risk to human beings. In those buildings, beam-column joints have nonseismic reinforcement details. According to a previous report, the beam-column joints without seismic reinforcement details have been found to be susceptible to failure due to earthquakes which could contribute to partial or entire collapse of concrete buildings. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the existing RC buildings, it is essential to improve the strength and ductility of beam-column joints. From the observations of structural failure due to earthquakes, corner and exterior concrete beam-column joints have been recognized as the most vulnerable parts of RC frames due to the discontinuity in beam, weak concrete confinement inside the joint, and unreliable load-transferring mechanism dependent on concrete tensile strength.

2. 
  • Construction Marketing: Developing a Reference Framework
    Mahmood Mokhtariani, Mohammad Hassan Sebt, Hamid Davoudpour
  • Successful companies are strongly committed to marketing management. However, marketing is either misunderstood or completely neglected in many construction companies, mainly due to the difficulty of applying conventional marketing in the industry, accompanied by the lack of sufficient research on the nature of marketing and tailored marketing theories and strategies for the construction. This study attempts to fill a part of this gap by examining the nature of the construction industry from the marketing viewpoint and developing a comprehensive framework.
  • The construction industry in most countries worldwide is characterized by extreme competitiveness, high risk, and usually low profit margin in comparison with many other industries. The major reason for this intensive competitiveness is the relative ease of entry into the construction industry compared to other industries, even for people or companies with little capital investment. Furthermore, to find a new project, construction firms have to participate in a competitive bidding process, as it is not generally possible for them to induce demand for their services. These conditions lead to a significantly higher rate of business failure in the construction industry than that in many other businesses in the recent decades.
  • 3.New and Advanced Materials and Technologies in Ultralow-Energy Buildings
The building sector is one of the largest contributors to energy consumption worldwide, representing 32% of the total energy consumption in the world and accounting for 60% of the world’s electricity. Thus, there have been significant efforts to reduce energy consumption in buildings. The ultralow-energy building is one successful approach to reducing carbon emissions in the building sector with growing interest worldwide. The principle of the ultralow-energy building emphasizes passive building design and the high performance heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. 
otential topics include but are not limited to the following:
  • New and advanced materials and technologies for the ultralow-energy building
  • Integration of new materials and technologies into the ultralow-energy building
  • Composites and materials for superinsulation and high performance windows
  • New challenges in high performance windows and HVAC systems
  • Advances in materials and technologies in daylighting and electrical lighting
  • Energy and environmental performances of the ultralow-energy building
  • Recent achievements in the design and performance evaluation of the ultralow-energy building
  • New findings on occupant comforts and energy performance modelling.

4.Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Application in Civil 
Engineering

As the most consumable building material, concrete has been generally used in the world, which has high strength, high elasticity modulus, well plasticity, and workability. The orientation of the modern civil engineering structures is high-rise, high strength, and long design lifetime, which has higher requirements on concrete. In particular, the concrete should have high toughness to prevent sudden brittle failure of the concrete structures. As a result, all kinds of fibers have been added to improve the toughness of the concrete. Researchers are targeting developments of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and also working on the mechanism research for special properties, preparation technology, testing methods, modeling, and applications of various fiber reinforced concretes. The development of fiber reinforced concretes will provide better materials for specific projects in civil engineering.
Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:
  • Preparation technology and basic properties
  • Properties and modeling
  • Durability and sustainability
  • Fiber reinforced cementitious composites
  • Fiber reinforced high performance and ultra-high performance concrete
  • Admixtures for fiber reinforced concrete
  • Testing methods and standardization in civil engineering
  • Structural performance and modeling
  • Fresh properties and constructability
  • Testing methods and standardization in civil engineering
  • Fracture properties and flexural toughness
  • Shrinkage and creep
  • Field applications.
5. 

6.New Emergent Materials. These materials can be “grown” as opposed to built. They posses properties that react to certain to certain conditions that make them change. While some of these are still in very early development and others not yet in production, when they do become available, how will our industry change when a structure can grow itself with pre programmed instructions for perfect engineering

7. Generative Design- the ability of a computer to create an architectural or engineering design without Human Intervention. Its “fed” data from 1000s of previous design projects and uses that to optomize and create “its” own.

8. Robotic Prefabrication- Robots enable the production of a structures parts in pieces within controlled enviorment factories. Components are produced and assembled and than delivered on the sight for drop in place finish. This dramatically reduces labor and schedule.



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